As many families know, learning doesn’t just happen when children are in school. It happens every day, as families talk, read, and explore the world around them. But studies show that if kids don’t keep learning during the summer, they can forgot a lot of what they learned during the school year. All kids are more likely to lose ground on math and spelling than other skills.

Help children practice what they learn in school
“Children learn what you teach them,” says Crawford, “and most of that takes place (at) home because that’s where they spend most of their time. Whatever we do at school, we want parents to continue doing at home.” Let your child know that school and learning are important. During the school year, talk with your child about what they’ve learned at school and look at the work they bring home.
Toward the end of the school year, talk with your child’s teacher to find out what your child should work on over the summer, says Andrea Jones, mother of five children and grandmother of two. “Parents have to be proactive—they have to reach out to teachers. We live in Long Beach so there’s a lot of year-round teachers out here. When kids are off for a break, teachers send things home for kids to do.”

Explore your child’s interests
If your child is interested in cars and trucks, you can count cars, describe cars, draw cars, learn to write the names of cars. You can count to ever-higher numbers of cars. You can notice shapes: round headlights, rectangular windows, oval mirrors. “Every child learns differently,” says Crawford, “but for all kids, repetition is key.”

Encourage reading
“We read a lot,” says Jones. “(My grandson) had booklets supplied by his teacher. I’d be reading my book and he’d be reading his next to me. After he read his I’d let him read mine, and a lot of times he’d get it all right and it made him feel really good. You don’t stick ‘em in a corner and tell them ‘go read this,’” says Jones. “We’re doing it together.” You don’t have to read well—or at all—to help young children enjoy books. You can talk about the pictures and tell each other stories.

Create everyday learning opportunities
“Every activity that you do—even cleaning the house—you can include your child,” says Lidia Perez, a recent immigrant from El Salvador whose daughter, Lydia, starts kindergarten in the fall. “I am always talking to her and she wants to share things with me,” says Perez. “She’ll say, ‘Mommy, look at this flower!’ and I’ll say, ‘Yes, what color is it?’”
“When we go to the supermarket,” she adds, “we count how many of everything—like tomatoes—we’re going to put into the bag.” On the street, they count trees. You can also teach children the names of coins and how much they’re worth or help children figure out how much older you are than your child.

Provide drawing and writing supplies
Make sure that your child has books, paper, and writing tools at home. When young children practice writing and drawing at home, it helps develop their hand muscles and gets them in the habit of doing school-type work. Many Head Starts and schools will create summer packets for children with art supplies and activities for families to do together. Perez says Lydia “loves drawing. She always draws pictures of our family and they are kind of funny, but they are of us.”